菊花病虫害综合防治研究

系统调查了菊花病毒病、霜霉病、叶斑病、叶面害虫，蚜虫天敌种类及其流行规律，研究了组培脱毒苗，地膜覆盖移栽，与高秆作物套作、摘顶稍、利用昆虫天敌及化学防治等综合治理效果，测定了农药残留量，结果表明，菊花组培苗脱毒率在60％左右，脱毒苗增产50％以上，叶枯病，霜霉病病叶率下降28％－30％，虫口密度下降40％，在收菊花前1个月使用拟菊酯杀虫剂，农药残留量低于允许值，不会对菊花和和环境造成污染。

Integrated control of maind diseases and insects of Dendranthema morifolium

The main virus diseases, downy mildew, leaf spot, leaf-injuring insects and aphid's natural enemies in Dendranthema morifolicum were investigated and identified, and the development laws of pests and natural enemies were studied respectively. The effectiveness of integrated control of stem-tip culture, film covering, interplating with tall stalk crops, micronutrient application, terminal bud excising, and use of natural enemies were evaluated. The results showed that after the application of above integrated control measures, the virus-free rate and the yield-increasing rate of the seedlings from stem-tip culture were about 60% and over 50%, respectively. The incidence of downy mildew and leaf-spot decreased by 28% to 30%. The injurious insect density reduced by 40%. The detection of pesticides residue indicated that three pyrethroids insecticides such as cypermethrin, fenvalterate, and deltamthrin were applied one month before harvest, the residues in Dendranthema morifolium after harvest were 0.017, 0.058 and 0.019 mol.L-1, respectively, and all lower than the relevant tolerance values.