刈牧对草原植物的影响

在草原科学发展的早期 ,人们认识了重要植物的生长营养需要和生活史特性 ,对草原管理基本理论的发展起到了重要作用[1 ] 。此后 ,为了更有效地管理草原和食草家畜 ,以使刈牧对草原植物的有害影响降到最低限度 ,并维持植物和家畜的持续生产 ,人们开始将植物对刈牧响应的知识与不同的过程结合起来。70年代中期 ,随着放牧最优化假设的提出 ,植物 -食草动物相互作用的模拟研究盛况空前[2 ,3] 。这种假设认为最大植物生产力产生于最优的刈牧强度 ,而不是不刈牧的植物。但这种假设在生态学家和自然资源管理学家之间产生了许多分歧[3～ 6] 。此时 ,…

Influence of Defoliation and Grazing on Range Plant.

Morphological, physiological and demographic responses to defoliation and grazing encompass the ecological scales of tillers, plants and populations within grassland communities. The ability of individual plants to regrow following defoliation is a multi-facetted process including the meristematic potential and compensatory physiological processes of individual plants, intra- and inter-specific competition of plants, and abiotic variables within the enviroment. The inherent morphological and physiological attributes of individual plants establish the potentialing for regrowth while the intensity of plant competition, resource availability and enviroment conditions constrain the extent to which this regrowth potentiality is realized.