The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in neurodegenerative disease |
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Authors: | Abiodun AJAYI Xin YU Anna-Lena STRM |
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Institution: | Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Recently, mounting evidence implicating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD) and polyglutamine disease, have arisen. NOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins and generate reactive oxygen species by transporting electrons across lipid membranes. Under normal healthy conditions, low levels of ROS produced by NOX enzymes have been shown to play a role in neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. However, in chronic neurodegenerative diseases over-activation of NOX in neurons, as well as in astrocytes and microglia, has been linked to pathogenic processes such as oxidative stress, exitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about NOX functions in the healthy central nervous system and especially the role of NOX enzymes in neurodegenerative disease processes. |
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Keywords: | neurodegeneration oxidative stress NADPH oxidase microglia inflammation |
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