Synergism of capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea;2. Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea;3. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, 73430, Germany;1. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;3. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia;4. Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;1. Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana − Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States;2. Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The combination of capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis may enhance greatly the performance of analytical capillary electrophoresis with respect to both separation power and the concentration sensitivity. The concentrating effects and the separation power of isotachophoresis allow the analysis of diluted samples and the elimination of interferences due to bulk components. The separation process of zone electrophoresis enables one to resolve the stack of trace analytes and detect the resulting individual zones with high sensitivity. The transition of isotachophoresis into zone electrophoresis plays the key role in the overall performance of this hyphenated technique. This article describes the dynamics of the conversion of isotachophoresis into zone electrophoretic mode and shows that the key role is played by the segments of the leading and terminating zones from the isotachophoretic stage. The magnitude of these segments directly effects the detection time as well as the separation width of the peaks of analytes. It is shown that these effects are also important in the analyses by capillary zone electrophoresis where isotachophoresis is induced by the sample itself. Finally, the paper presents a list of recommended, user-friendly, electrolyte systems which enable one to simply predict the performance of the combination isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis. |
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