苎麻酶法脱胶的研究进展*

苎麻酶脱胶法是一种高效能、优质量、无污染的脱胶方法，它是直接利用微生物发酵后期产生的胞外酶或酶制剂降解苎麻的胶质，使得苎麻纤维释放出来。到目前为止，国内外的科研人员在这方面已经进行了大量的研究，筛选了许多不同的脱胶菌，包括需氧菌和厌氧菌等用于苎麻的脱胶。相比化学脱胶，苎麻的酶脱胶具有提高精干麻的质量、大幅度降低环境污染等显的优点，是苎麻脱胶未来的主要发展方向，有着不可估量的前途。同时，随着酶脱胶技术在工业化生产中的推广应用，酶的使用量势必大幅度增加，从而将带动酶工业的发展。

The Research Advancement of the Enzymatic Degumming of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea)

The enzymatic degumming of ramie bast fibers is a kind of method with high performance, superior quality, free from pollution that directly makes use of the extra cellular enzyme or zymin produced in the fermentation process of microorganisms to degrade the gum. So far, many investigations regarding this aspect have been conducted at home and abroad, and screened various strains including aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Comparison with the chemical degumming, the enzymatic degumming shows the advantage of improving the quality of refined dried-ramie, significantly lowering the pollution of the environment, and isone of the main development directions in the future. At the same time, if the degumming technology is extensively applied into industrialization production, the dosage of enzymes will prodigiously increase, which will promote the development of the industry on enzymes.