Ethylene production by micro-organisms grown on phenolic acids

In a 2-yr study, predators were shown to inflict heavy mortality on the eggs of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, placed in a cider-apple orchard where no insecticidal sprays were applied. Predatory Heteroptera sucked out 35 and 57 % of the eggs in the 2 yr respectively, and smaller numbers of eggs (16 %) disappeared, probably consumed by earwigs, Forficula auricularia. The potential of these predators for an integrated control system is briefly discussed.