云南高原湖泊水葱克隆生长与有性繁殖特征及影响因子

为掌握挺水植物克隆生长与有性繁殖参数的空间分布格局特征及环境因子对植物繁殖的影响路径,该文利用云南高原的立体地形,通过空间替代时间的方法,探讨6个湖泊共有挺水植物水葱(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)的克隆生长、有性繁殖的地理差异和变化规律以及对环境变化的响应。结果表明:(1)密度、株高、基径等克隆生长参数,以及结实率、穗生物量及其投资比、种子产量、活性种子数等繁殖参数在不同地理空间上存在显著差异(P<0.05),而地上生物量无显著差异。(2)密度、株高、结实率、穗生物量及其投资比等参数具有显著的经纬度、海拔地带性分布特征,其中密度随纬度和海拔的增加而增加、随经度的增加而减小,而株高、结实率、穗生物量及其投资比随纬度和海拔的增加而减小、随经度的增加逐渐增大。(3)暖月和冷月均温,土壤全氮、全磷是影响水葱克隆生长(密度、株高)的关键因子,其中暖月均温影响最大,年均降水、土壤有机碳是影响水葱有性繁殖的关键因子,其中年均降水影响最大。综上认为,气候因子(暖月均温、冷月均温和年均降水)是影响云南高原湖泊湖滨带植物水葱生长和繁殖的主要因子。

Clonal growth and sexual reproduction characteristics and influencing factors of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani in Yunnan Plateau lakes

The response of plant growth and reproduction to future climate change has attracted widespread attention. In order to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of clonal growth and sexual reproduction parameters of emergent plants and the pathways of their environmental factors on plant reproduction. Based on the 3D topography of the Yunnan Plateau, we investigated the geographical differences and changes in the clonal growth and sexual reproduction of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, and the response to environmental changes was further investigated through the method of space alternative time. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in clonal growth parameters such as density, plant height, and diameter, as well as reproductive parameters such as seed setting ratio, spike biomass, spike investment ratio, seed production, and the number of active seed in different geospates(P<0.05), but there was no significant differences in above-ground biomass.(2)The density, plant height, seed setting ratio, spike biomass, and spike investment ratio of S. tabernaemontani showed significant zonal distribution patterns of latitude, longitude, and altitude. Among them, The density increased with the increase in latitude and altitude, and it was decreased with the increase of longitude. Meanwhile, the plant height, seed setting ratio, spike biomass, and spike investment ratio decreased with the increase of latitude and altitude, and gradually increased with increasing longitude.(3)Mean temperature of the warmest month, mean temperature of the coldest month, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus were the key factors affecting the growth(density and height)of S. tabernaemontani, where the warmest month mean temperature was the greatest influence. In addition, mean annual precipitation and soil organic carbon mostly explained the reproductive characteristics of S. tabernaemontani compared with other influencing factors, among which the mean annual precipitation had the greatest effect. The investigation further showed that the climatic factors(the warmest month mean temperature, the coldest month mean temperature, and mean annual precipitation)were the main factors affecting the growth and reproduction of S. tabernaemontani in the lakeside zone of Yunnan Plateau lakes.