肺癌与DNA 甲基化研究的进展

DNA甲基化是表观遗传学研究的重要内容。其本质是在甲基转移酶的催化下,DNA的CG两个核苷酸的胞嘧啶被选择性地添加甲基,形成5’甲基胞嘧啶的过程。CpG岛是DNA甲基化常发生的部位。CpG岛指基因组中长度为300～3000 bp的富含CpG二核苷酸的一些区域,主要存在于基因的5’区域。以往的研究表明,肺癌的发生常与CpG岛的异常甲基化有关。多基因异常的甲基化常为肿瘤发生的重要机制。近年来,研究比较热门的基因有p16、RASSF1A、CDH1、CDH13、FHTI、TMS1/ASC等。研究集中在肺癌组织与癌旁组织甲基化频率的统计分析,以及对于血液,痰液,肺泡灌洗液发生甲基化频率的统计分析。对于肺癌相关抑癌基因甲基化的研究,为肺癌患者的早期诊断提供思路,并为治疗开辟新的方向。去甲基化治疗虽研究较少,但目前已取得一定进展。

Advances of DNA Methylation and Lung Cancer

DNA methylation is an important part of Epigenetics.In action of methyltransferase,Cytosine of nucleotide CG is added by methyl Selectively,Formed 5’-mC.The area of dna methylation is constantly CpG island.CpG island is the area riched with dinucleotide,which has the longth of 300-3000 bp,located at genomic 5’region.Previous studies have shown that the incidence of lung cancer is often associated with abnormal methylation of the CpG island.Multiple gene aberrant methylation is often as important mechanism of tumor.In recent years,research of popular gene as p16,RASSF1A,CDH1,CDH13,FHTI,TMS1 / ASC etc.The study foucs on statistical analysis of lung cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue methylation frequencies,and analysis of blood,sputum,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid methylation frequencies.For lung cancer tumor suppressor gene methylation related research,provide a train of thought of patients with lung cancer in the early diagnosion,and for new direction of the treatment.Demethylation therapy is less studied,but it has achieved some progress.