Chitotriosidase,a prematurely orphan enzyme |
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Authors: | Malaguarnera L Barone R Angius A Musumeci S |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy;(2) Institute of Neurological Sciences Catania Section, CNR, Cosenza, Italy;(3) Institute of Population Genetic, CNR, Alghero (SS), Italy;(4) Department of Pharmacology, Ginecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics University of Sassari and Institute of Population Genetic, CNR, Alghero (SS), Italy |
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Abstract: | Human Chitotriosidase (CHIT) is a member of the chitinase family and is synthesized by activated macrophages. Recently, a
genetic polymorphism was found to be responsible for the common deficiency in CHIT activity, frequently encountered in different
population. We analyzed the CHIT gene in some ethnic groups from Mediterranean and frican area, to evaluate whether the CHIT
gene polymorphism correlates with the changes in environmental features and the disappearance of parasitic diseases. We evaluate
the plasma CHIT activity and analyzed, by PCR, the Chit gene polymorphism in 100 Sicilian, 107 Sardinian and 99 Sub-Saharan
subjects. We found an heterozygote frequency for a duplication of 24 base pair in exon 10 of 44,54% in Sicily and 32,71 %
in Sardinia, whereas homozygous chit deficient were 5,45 % and 3,73%, respectively. On the contrary in Burkina Faso, a mesoendemic
regio nforPlasmodium falciparum malaria and other intestinal parasites, a low incidence of CHIT mutation was found (heterozygous 2%) and any subject was
homozygous for CHIT deficiency. Our results suggest that in sub-Saharan population the intact CHIT gene seems essential for
sustaining resistance against chitin-coated parasitic disease, whereas the presence of CHIT gene polymorphism in Mediterranean
population could be the result of a recent positive selection due to improved environmental conditions, which makes prematurely
orphan this enzyme. |
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Keywords: | Chitotriosidase Polymorphism Sub-Saharan area Mediterranean area |
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