The role of electrostatic forces in pollination |
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Authors: | Y Vaknin S Gan-Mor A Bechar B Ronen D Eisikowitch |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Sciences, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel;(2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel;(3) Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel |
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Abstract: | This paper reviews research on the role of electrostatic forces in pollination, both in natural and in agricultural systems. Researchers from various fields of biological studies have reported phenomena which they related to electrostatic forces. The theory of electrostatically mediated pollen transfer between insect pollinators and the flowers they visit is described, including recent studies which confirmed that the accumulated charges on airborne honey bees are sufficient for non-contact pollen detachment by electrostatic forces (i.e., electrostatic pollination). The most important morphological features in flower adaptiveness to electrostatic pollination were determined by means of two theoretical models of a flower exposed to an approaching charged cloud of pollen; they are style length and flower opening. Supplementary pollination by using electrostatic techniques is reported, and its possible importance in modern agriculture is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Electric charges electrodeposition electrostatic pollination electrostatic powder coating flower morphology |
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