单增李斯特菌耐药外排泵研究进展

单增李斯特菌是一种重要的人兽共患食源性胞内致病菌，广泛存在于自然环境中且易污染动物性食品，人及动物感染后可引起严重的李斯特菌病，死亡率高达30%。单增李斯特菌通常对多种药物敏感，然而，因不合理使用抗菌药或消毒剂形成的选择压力导致李斯特菌多重耐药情况的报道日渐增多。外排泵蛋白是细菌中一类重要的蛋白，可参与机体多种生物学过程，包括影响细菌对抗生素敏感性、促进有毒化合物泵出、影响细菌毒力等。本文综述了近年来关于单增李斯特菌耐药外排泵的功能及调控机制的研究进展，为深入理解李斯特菌耐药等环境适应机制及有效控制该病原污染传播和筛选抗感染药物新靶点提供理论基础。

Advances in efflux pump-mediated multidrug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes, a major zoonotic food-borne intracellular pathogen, is ubiquitous in the natural environment and easily contaminates animal-derived food products. The consumption of the contaminated food can cause severe listeriosis in both humans and animals, with the mortality rate reaching up to 30%. The antimicrobial therapy is the only feasible approach for treating L. monocytogenes infection since L. monocytogenes is susceptible to multiple antimicrobials. However, the reports of multidrug-resistant strains are increasing due to the selective pressure exerted by the irrational use of antimicrobials or disinfectants. The antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of L. monocytogenes are complex. Efflux pump proteins are crucial in bacteria and participate in various biological processes. Specifically, they can influence bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, facilitate the efflux of toxic compounds, and affect bacterial virulence. Over the last two decades, scholars have conducted research on the efflux pumps-mediated resistance of L. monocytogenes, identifying several efflux pump proteins associated with the efflux of antibiotics or toxic compounds. Additionally, some efflux pumps are involved in the virulence expression process of L. monocytogenes. This paper reviews the research advances in the functions and regulatory mechanisms of efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes. It provides a theoretical foundation for probing into the environmental adaption mechanisms of L. monocytogenes, curbing the spread of this pathogen, and identifying new drug targets for combating infections.