Diminished satiation in rats exposed to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin

Rats maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to the satiation-producing effect of exogenous CCK. Because more CCK is released in response to HF meals than low-fat (LF) meals, we hypothesized that increased circulating CCK associated with ingestion of HF diets contributes to the development of decreased CCK sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we implanted osmotic minipumps filled with either NaCl or CCK octapeptide into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequently, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal NaCl or CCK (0.5 microg/kg) injection on 30-min food intake. CCK significantly reduced 30-min food intake less in rats implanted with CCK-releasing minipumps compared with those with NaCl-releasing minipumps. Because dietary protein is a potent releaser of endogenous CCK, we hypothesized that rats adapted to a high-protein (HP) diet might also exhibit reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK. Therefore, in a second experiment, we examined CCK-induced reduction of food intake in rats maintained on LF and rats maintained on HF or HP. Ingestion of LF stimulates very little endogenous CCK secretion, whereas both HF and HP markedly increase plasma CCK concentrations. Both doses of CCK reduced food intake significantly less in HF and HP rats compared with LF rats. There were no differences in 24-h food intake, body weight, or body fat composition among LF-, HF-, and HP-fed rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sustained elevation of CCK either by infusion of exogenous CCK or by dietary-induced elevation of plasma CCK contributes to the development of reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK.