湛江市红树林资源及其可持续利用

广东省湛江市现有红树林面积7242.0hm²,人工造林未成林25.6hm²,天然更新红树林509.4hm²,另有红树林宜林地9688.6hm²。红树林及其伴生植物主要有木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)等15科24种。由于毁林养虾、养鱼等导致1980～2001年占用红树林地面积6363.6hm²。从总体上看,湛江红树林种类多,群落类型丰富;红树林面积大幅减少,影响区域社会经济发展;除乡土种外,无瓣海桑是一种较成功的外来引树种;宜林地多,但人工造林保存率不高;破坏红树林,挖塘养殖依然较普遍。为了实现湛江红树林的可持续发展,需要加强下列工作:建立自然保护区加强对现有红树林湿地的保护;开展红树林湿地生态系统资源监测和鸟类环志;科学规划后加快红树林的恢复和重建;积极推动退塘还林并合理利用红树林;依法保护管理好红树林;多途径筹集保护资金;加强红树林、湿地的保护和宣传。

Mangrove resource and sustainable development at Zhanjiang

Based on investigating on the mangrove resources in Zhanjiang in 2001 and 2005, we found that there was only 7242.0 hm2 of mangrove left. There are 24 plant species of mangrove in15 families in Zhanjiang. The area of mangrove in Zhanjiang had been decreased by 6363.6 hm2 during the period of 1980 to 2001. On the whole,the area of mangrove in Zhanjiang was decreased markedly, mainly resulted by the aquatic farming,and it had affected the development of local society and economy. There were lots of mangrove community types and plant species in Zhanjiang. Besides native species in the mangrove of Zhanjiang,Sonneratia apetala is a successful exotic species,which had adapted the local environment well. On the other hand,the survival rate of artificial mangrove in Zhanjiang is low. At the moment,to make sustainable use of mangrove of Zhanjiang,the priority must be to protect all the existing wetlands of mangrove in situ by setting up natural reserves and prevent anthropogenic destruction,and put forward the scientific program of rehabilitating and making good use of mangroves. Furthermore,enhancing the monitoring mangrove ecosystem resources and education of protection of mangrove are urgently needed.