Modification of prey-catching behavior by learning in the common toad (Bufo b. bufo [L], Anura,Amphibia): Changes in responses to visual objects and effects of auditory stimuli

An attempt to train common toads (Bufo b. bufo) to make the turning movements associated with prey-catching in response to a tone (1000 Hz, 90 dB) was unsuccessful. However, some toads learned to discriminate food that had been made unpalatable from palatable food of identical appearance, when the former was accompanied by the auditory stimulus. By making the prey unpalatable flight behavior could be induced in toads presented with a housefly (Musca domestica). On the other hand, toads could be trained to exhibit prey-catching behavior when shown predator objects 30 cm wide and 60 cm high (at a distance of ca. 50 cm). The toads also learned to snap at motionless, unscented food in certain surroundings.