Genetic characterisation of a domestic dog<Emphasis Type="Italic">Canis familiaris</Emphasis> breed endemic to South African rural areas |
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Authors: | Letitia?M?Greyling Email author" target="_blank">Paul?J?GroblerEmail author Herman?F?Van der?Bank Antoinette?Kotze |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Zoology,Rand Afrikaans University,Johannesburg,South Africa;2.Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences,University of the North,Sovenga,South Africa;3.Animal Improvement Institute,Agricultural Research Council,Irene,South Africa |
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Abstract: | Allozyme electrophoresis (horizontal starch gel and PAGE) and histochemical staining techniques were used to study the genetic
composition of an endemic southern African domestic dogCanis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758, the Africanis breed. Genetic differentiation was analysed at 21 protein-coding loci. The results were compared
to those for three other populations/breeds: representatives of established Western breeds, crossbred dogs of Western descent
from rural areas in South Africa, and indigenous Saluki dogs from the Middle East. Nine polymorphic loci were found (Ak-1,-2, Ck, Per, Hb, Po-A-1 to-3 andPo-Tf). Two unique alleles at theCk andPo-A-2 loci separated the Africanis breed from the other groups. There were also significant differences between Africanis and the
other breeds in pair-wise comparisons of allelic frequencies at polymorphic loci. An assignment test, fixation index values,
gene flow and genetic distance values indicated a closer genetic association between the Africanis and Saluki breeds than
with dogs of Western origin. This finding supports archaeological evidence that the endemic Africanis breed was introduced
from the Middle East into Africa thousands of years ago, and not through later western influences. The average heterozygosity
ranged from 0.106–0.15, with least heterozygosity in the Africanis and most in the rural crossbred group. The percentage of
polymorphic loci, the mean number of alleles per locus (biologically more significant than heterozygosity), and conformation
of genotypes to Hardy-Weinberg proportions showed no evidence of recent loss of genetic diversity in Africanis. Genetic differentiation
and support of archaeological evidence by genetics indicate that the endemic southern African domestic dog breed is unique. |
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