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Temperature requirements for growth and maturation of the warm temperate kelp Eckloniopsis radicosa (Laminariales,Phaeophyta)
Authors:Ichiro Komazawa  Yoshihiko Sakanishi  Jiro Tanaka
Institution:1. Hachijo Branch, Tokyo Metropolitan Islands Area Research and Development Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan;2. Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Niigata, Japan;3. Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract:The annual kelp Eckloniopsis radicosa is distributed along Japanese coasts and occurs within the area with a February isotherm ranging 15–18°C and August isotherm ranging 25–28°C. In this study, the effects of temperature on the gametophyte growth and maturation, and the young sporophyte growth of E. radicosa were examined and the results are discussed in relation to the distribution of other warm‐adapted kelp species and the potential effects of climate change. The optimal temperature ranges for growth of male and female gametophytes were 23–27°C and 20–26°C, respectively. The upper survival temperature for gametophyte growth was 31°C for males and 30°C for females, respectively. The optimal temperature range for maturation of female gametophytes was ≤23°C. The optimal temperature range for growth of young sporophytes was 14–22°C. It was clarified that E. radicosa has the most warm‐adapted characteristics for growth and maturation of gametophytes among members of the Laminariales studied so far. The natural seawater temperature ranges during the growth and maturation seasons for gametophytes of E. radicosa, as well as the growth season for young sporophytes near to the northern and southern distribution limits (Izu‐Oshima: 14.9–24.5°C, Ichiki‐kushikino: 17.1–29.6°C), agreed with the experimentally determined temperature requirements. The warm‐adapted gametophyte stage and annual lifecycle are major factors enabling survival of E. radicosa in warm waters near tropical regions along the Japanese coast.
Keywords:distribution  Eckloniopsis radicosa  gametophytes  growth  Laminariales  maturation  sporophytes  temperature
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