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Azospirillum brasilense ameliorates the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought mainly via enhancement of ABA levels
Authors:Ana C Cohen  Rubén Bottini  Mariela Pontin  Federico J Berli  Daniela Moreno  Claudia N Travaglia  Patricia N Piccoli
Institution:1. Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria, Argentina;2. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta‐Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CC8 (5567) La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina;3. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico‐Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
Abstract:Production of phytohormones is one of the main mechanisms to explain the beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Azospirillum sp. The PGPRs induce plant growth and development, and reduce stress susceptibility. However, little is known regarding the stress‐related phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) produced by bacteria. We investigated the effects of Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245 strain on Arabidopsis thaliana Col‐0 and aba2‐1 mutant plants, evaluating the morphophysiological and biochemical responses when watered and in drought. We used an in vitro‐grown system to study changes in the root volume and architecture after inoculation with Azospirillum in Arabidopsis wild‐type Col‐0 and on the mutant aba2‐1, during early growth. To examine Arabidopsis development and reproductive success as affected by the bacteria, ABA and drought, a pot experiment using Arabidopsis Col‐0 plants was also carried out. Azospirillum brasilense augmented plant biomass, altered root architecture by increasing lateral roots number, stimulated photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments and retarded water loss in correlation with incremented ABA levels. As well, inoculation improved plants seed yield, plants survival, proline levels and relative leaf water content; it also decreased stomatal conductance, malondialdehyde and relative soil water content in plants submitted to drought. Arabidopsis inoculation with A. brasilense improved plants performance, especially in drought.
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