Agolohymena aspidocauda nov. gen., nov. spec., a histophagous freshwater tetrahymenid ciliate in the family Deltopylidae (Ciliophora,Hymenostomatia), from Idaho (northwest U.S.A.): Morphology,ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny |
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| Authors: | William A Bourland Michaela C Strüder-Kypke |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University MS-1515, 1910 University Avenue, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA;2. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1;1. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;2. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada;3. The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China;4. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;1. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitor, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;2. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;4. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;5. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;1. Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China;2. Institute of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China;3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China;1. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea;2. Natural Science Research Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea;3. Department of Zoology, Al Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt;4. Department of Ecology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam;5. International Center for Marine Biodiversity, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, 33662, South Korea;6. Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan Metropolitan City, 49111, South Korea;7. Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea;1. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Morphology, ontogeny and the molecular phylogeny of Agolohymena aspidocauda nov. gen., nov. spec., a new freshwater tetrahymenid ciliate from Idaho, U.S.A, are described. The ontogeny and histophagous mode of nutrition are similar to those of Deltopylum rhabdoides Fauré-Fremiet and Mugard, 1946. The new genus is placed with Deltopylum in the resurrected family Deltopylidae Song and Wilbert, 1989. We emend the diagnostic features of the family to include division by polytomy, right and left somatic kineties extending into the preoral suture, crook-shaped or sigmoid adoral membranelles 1 and 2, markedly reduced adoral membranelle 3 and a tetrahymenid silverline pattern. The main diagnostic features of the new genus are a disc-shaped caudal ciliary array and formation of two types of resting cysts, one smooth and the other bearing tangled tubular or cylindrical lepidosomes. Nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences place the new genus basal within the order Tetrahymenida, well separated from members of the family Tetrahymenidae (Lambornella and Tetrahymena) and also from other tetrahymenids (Colpidium, Dexiostoma, Glaucoma). The genetic divergences between this species and other genera in Tetrahymenida are large enough to suggest placement of the new genus in a separate family. This corroborates the morphological data, since the elaborate caudal ciliary array and the lepidosome-covered resting cyst of this species are not found in other Tetrahymenidae. |
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