Complex female genitalia indicate sperm dumping in armored goblin spiders (Arachnida,Araneae, Oonopidae) |
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| Authors: | Matthias Burger |
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| Institution: | 1. Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany;2. Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Str. 11/12, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;3. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina;1. The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA;2. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;3. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade (CBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69011-970, Cx. Postal 478, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil;1. Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia;2. Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA;3. Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK;1. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA;3. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway;4. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;5. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain;1. División Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” — CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Oberer Häuselbergweg 24, 69493, Hirschberg an der Bergstraße, Germany;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, PA, 18018, USA |
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| Abstract: | In promiscuous females, sperm ejection from the sperm storage site can be a strong mechanism to influence sperm priority patterns. Sperm dumping is reported from different animals including birds, insects, and humans. In spiders, it has been documented for four species including the oonopid Silhouettella loricatula. Oonopidae are a diverse spider family comprising many species with peculiar female genitalia. Especially in species where studies of mating behavior are difficult, morphological investigations of the genitalia help to understand their function and evolution. In the present study, the genitalia of the oonopids Myrmopopaea sp., Grymeus sp., and Lionneta sp. are investigated by means of histological serial sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results are compared with previous findings on S. loricatula. In Myrmopopaea sp. and Grymeus sp., the same morphological components are present that are involved in sperm dumping in S. loricatula. Inside the receptaculum, sperm are enclosed in a secretory sac which can be moved to the genital opening and dumped during copulation by muscle contractions. The female genitalia of Lionneta sp. are asymmetric. They show the same characteristics as S. loricatula but all the investigated females were unmated. The results strongly suggest that sperm dumping occurs in Myrmopopaea sp., Grymeus sp., and Lionneta sp. and happens by the same mechanism as in S. loricatula. Sperm dumping might even be common within a clade of oonopids. As in S. loricatula, the sperm transfer forms in the investigated species consist of several spermatozoa. Papillae with unknown function occur on the receptacula of all females. |
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