Nuclear 28S rDNA phylogeny supports the basal placement of Noctiluca scintillans (Dinophyceae; Noctilucales) in dinoflagellates |
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| Authors: | Jang-Seu Ki |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;2. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Private Bag 4, Hobart 7001, TAS, Australia;1. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad, 500090, India;2. Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA, 98112, USA;3. School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA;4. Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, California, CA, 93940, USA;5. Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682506, India;1. Institute of Oceanology RAS, Nakhimovsky prosp., 36, Moscow 117997, Russia;2. National Institute of Biology, Marine Biological Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;3. Southern Branch of P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Prospornaya str. 1, Gelendzhik 353470, Russia;1. Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China;2. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA;3. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;4. Patuxent Environmental & Aquatic Research Laboratory, Morgan State University, St. Leonard, MD 20685, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China;2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), PR China;3. Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;4. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PR China;5. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PR China;6. Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid et Swezy, 1921 is an unarmoured heterotrophic dinoflagellate with a global distribution, and has been considered as one of the ancestral taxa among dinoflagellates. Recently, 18S rDNA, actin, α-, β-tubulin, and Hsp90-based phylogenies have shown the basal position of the noctilucids. However, the relationships of dinoflagellates in the basal lineages are still controversial. Although the nuclear rDNA (e.g. 18S, ITS-5.8S, and 28S) contains much genetic information, DNA sequences of N. scintillans rDNA molecules were insufficiently characterized as yet. Here the author sequenced a long-range nuclear rDNA, spanning from the 18S to the D5 region of the 28S rDNA, of N. scintillans. The present N. scintillans had a nearly identical genotype (>99.0% similarity) compared to other Noctiluca sequences from different geographic origins. Nucleotide divergence in the partial 28S rDNA was significantly high (p<0.05) as compared to the 18S rDNA, demonstrating that the information from 28S rDNA is more variable. The 28S rDNA phylogeny of 17 selected dinoflagellates, two perkinsids, and two apicomplexans as outgroups showed that N. scintillans and Oxyrrhis marina formed a clade that diverged separately from core dinoflagellates. |
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