云南鹤庆天华洞旧石器遗址石制品研究

天华洞旧石器遗址是金沙江中游地区财丰河流域旧石器地点群的代表性遗址之一。本文研究的材料来源于该遗址2010、2013和2016三年度的野外调查和试掘。天华洞遗址试掘位置为洞前缓坡区域,地层堆积可划分为5层,其中2-5层为遗址文化层,属红色亚黏土沉积。遗址文化层沉积结构稳定,年代数据分布在距今9.5-5万年之间。遗址共发现石制品1122件,以玄武岩为主要原料。石制品组合的内涵丰富,剥片技术和工具类型多样,一些特殊类型的石制品标本如预制石核、长石片、似-勒瓦娄哇石片、盘状石核石片、似-基纳型刮削器等代表了天华洞遗址石工业独特的技术文化面貌,也表现出西方旧石器时代中期文化的一些技术特点和因素。

A study of stone artifacts found in the Tianhuadong Paleolithic site,Heqing, Yunnan

The Tianhuadong Paleolithic site is representative of a number of Late Pleistocene sites in the Caifeng River Paleolithic localities, which are located in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River, Yunnan Province. The materials studied in this paper were found during field surveys and test excavations at Tianhuadong conducted in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Test excavation at the Tianhuadong site is located at the slope area in front of the cave, and five geological layers can be divided throughout the sequence. Among them, layers 2 to 5 belong to the cultural deposits that characterized by red silty clay. Dating results for each cultural layer are in stratigraphically consistent order and are between 95-50 kaBP. In total, 1122 stone artifacts have been found at the site, with basalt being the predominantly exploited raw material. The lithic assemblage at Tianhuadong possesses a diverse cultural appearance, as shown in various flaking technologies and tool types. Some specialized specimens, including prepared cores, elongated flakes, Levallois-like flakes, flakes produced from classic discoidal cores and Quina-like scrapers represent the unusual technological characteristics of the Tianhuadong site, which are similar to some Middle Paleolithic technological elements in the West.