山东古代人群头骨上蛛网膜颗粒压迹的观察与探讨

蛛网膜颗粒是由蛛网膜绒毛成组聚集在一起而形成的,有时会在颅骨内板上形成局限性压迹,当颗粒较大时会造成颅内局部骨质吸收,形成溶蚀状小坑。在以往的病理观察中,蛛网膜颗粒压迹多不作为观察统计对象,然其溶蚀状的形态却容易被误认为是某些病理性改变。本文通过对济南大辛庄、刘家庄、曲阜奥体中心等六个遗址出土的114例人骨标本的观察发现:1)蛛网膜颗粒压迹从古至今均表现出较高的发生率且两性间不存在明显差异。2)蛛网膜颗粒压迹的最大径平均值大致在1-6mm之间,个体间存在较大差异,但总体上呈现出随年龄增长而增大的现象。3)蛛网膜颗粒压迹的出现位置最常见于顶骨和额骨,枕骨部位相对少见,但不同年龄组间的出现位置可能存在一定差异。此外,蛛网膜颗粒在颅内形成的溶蚀状小坑易与一些以骨质侵蚀为特征的疾病相混淆,如颅内感染、颅骨板障表皮样囊肿、嗜酸性肉芽肿、脑膜瘤等,需注意对其特征加以辨别。

Observations and discussions of arachnoid granulation pits on the ancient human skeletons from Shandong Province

Arachnoid granulations, which are formed by arachnoid villus, can cause localized surface impressions in skeletal material, specifically dissolution-like small pits that are often misidentified as pathological lesions. In this paper, 114 human skeletal specimens unearthed from six sites, including Ji’nan Da Xinzhuang, Liu Jiazhuang and Qufu Olympic Sports Center were examined. The results of this research are as follows. 1) There is a high incidence of arachnoid granulation pits from ancient times to the present with no obvious difference between the sexes. 2) The maximum mean diameter of arachnoid membrane depressions is roughly 1-6mm with a significant difference between individuals increasing with age. 3) Locations of Pacchionian pits are most common in the parietal and frontal bones, with rare frequency in the occipital. Locations may differ between age groups. In conclusion, these dissolution-like small pits formed by arachnoid granulations, are easily confused with diseases characterized by bone erosion, such as intracranial infection, diploe of skull epidermoid cyst, eosinophilic granuloma and meningioma, and therefore osteologists should pay attention to their characteristics.