丽斗蟋翅二型雌虫飞行肌和卵巢发育间的资源分配差异

丽斗蟋Velarifictorus ornatus具有明显的翅二型现象, 长翅型与短翅型雌虫的卵巢和飞行肌存在着生理权衡。本研究分别应用蒽酮比色法、 硫代磷酸香草醛法、 考马斯亮蓝染液对羽化后10 d内两型雌虫飞行肌与卵巢内糖原、 总脂及蛋白质含量进行了定量分析。结果表明： 成虫羽化后10 d内, 两型雌虫体重无明显差异(P>0.05), 但短翅型雌虫怀卵量明显多于长翅型雌虫, 而人工脱翅能够促进长翅型雌虫怀卵量增加(P<0.05)。短翅型雌虫飞行肌内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量在成虫羽化后10 d内无明显变化, 但长翅型雌虫飞行肌内蛋白质在成虫羽化后3 d时达到最大值564.4±87.5 μg/♀, 糖原与总脂含量分别于羽化后第5天达到最大值85.2±21.7 μg/♀和5 284.7±1 267.4 μg/♀。然后开始下降, 各实验处理天数内, 长翅型雌虫飞行肌内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量都显著多于短翅型雌虫(P<0.05)。相反, 各处理天数内, 短翅型雌虫卵巢内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量则明显多于长翅型雌虫(P<0.05), 同时虫龄对蛋白质、 糖原及总脂在两型雌虫飞行肌与卵巢内分配也产生明显影响(P<0.05)。人工脱翅能够促进长翅型雌虫卵巢内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量增加, 同时诱导飞行肌内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量降低, 其中总脂含量在脱翅后10 d时降为2 394.9±1 461.8 μg/♀, 只有最大值的一半, 而与短翅型雌虫相似(P>0.05), 表明总脂为丽斗蟋飞行的主要能源物质。外用保幼激素Ⅲ能够促进长翅型雌虫卵巢内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量增加(P<0.05), 但对飞行肌内三者含量无明显影响(P>0.05), 外用早熟素Ⅰ对短翅型雌虫卵巢内蛋白质、 糖原及总脂含量亦无明显影响(P>0.05)。上述结果表明, 丽斗蟋长翅型雌虫首先将获得的资源用于发育飞行所需的飞行肌, 短翅型雌虫则首先将所获得的资源用于发育繁殖所需的卵巢, 但长翅型雌虫飞行肌与卵巢间的资源分配方式受保幼激素的影响。

Differential allocation of resources to flight muscles and ovaries in different morphs of the wing-dimorphic cricket Velarifictorus ornatus(Orthoptera:Gryllidae)

The wing-dimorphic cricket Velarifictorus ornatus exists physiological trade-offs between flight muscles and ovarian development. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in flight muscles and ovaries between the long-winged and short-winged females by coomassie brilliant blue G-250, anthrone method and sulphophosphovanillin method, respectively. At 10 d after adult emergence, there was no difference in body weight (P>0.05) but the short-winged females loaded more eggs than long-winged females (P<0.05). De-alation could stimulate the long-winged females to produce more eggs than the intact long-winged females (P<0.05). There was no variation in contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in light muscles of short-winged females after adult emergence but the protein content in flight muscles of long-winged females reached the maximum (564.4±87.5 μg/♀) at day 3, while the contents of glycogen and total lipids also reached the maximum (85.2±21.7 μg/♀, 5 284.7±1 267.4 μg/♀, respectively) at day 5, and then the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids decreased from day 5. The contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in flight muscles of long-winged females were much more than those of short-winged females at 1, 3, 5 and 10 d after emergence (P<0.05), while the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in ovaries of short-winged females were more than those of long-winged females after adult emergence (P<0.05). Age had obvious effect on the allocation of protein, glycogen and total lipids between the flight muscles and ovaries (P<0.05). De-alation stimulated the increase in the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in ovaries of long-winged females, while de-alation elicited the decrease in the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in flight muscles of long-winged females. At 10 d after de-alation, the contents of total lipids in flight muscles decreased to 2 394.9±1 461.8 μg/♀, which was only half of the maximum and similar to that of the short-winged females. Application of juvenile hormone Ⅲ (JH Ⅲ) induced the increase in the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids (P<0.05) in the ovaries of long-winged females but had no effect on their contents in flight muscles (P>0.05). Application of precocene Ⅰ had no effect on the contents of protein, glycogen and total lipids in ovaries of short-winged females (P> 0.05). These results indicate that long-winged females use resources preferentially for the development of flight muscles, but short-winged females use them for the development of the ovaries first, and application of juvenile hormone can change resource allocation between flight muscles and ovaries in long-winged females.