Seaweed protoplasts: status,biotechnological perspectives and needs |
| |
Authors: | C R K Reddy Manoj K Gupta Vaibhav A Mantri Bhavanath Jha |
| |
Institution: | (1) Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India |
| |
Abstract: | Protoplasts are living plant cells without cell walls which offer a unique uniform single cell system that facilitates several
aspects of modern biotechnology, including genetic transformation and metabolic engineering. Extraction of cell wall lytic
enzymes from different phycophages and microbial sources has greatly improved protoplast isolation and their yield from a
number of anatomically more complex species of brown and red seaweeds which earlier remained recalcitrant. Recently, recombinant
cell wall lytic enzymes were also produced and evaluated with native ones for their potential abilities in producing viable
protoplasts from Laminaria. Reliable procedures are now available to isolate and culture protoplasts from diverse groups of seaweeds. To date, there
are 89 species belonging to 36 genera of green, red and brown seaweeds from which successful protoplast isolation and regeneration
has been reported. Of the total species studied for protoplasts, most belonged to Rhodophyta with 41 species (13 genera) followed
by Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta with 24 species each belonging to 5 and 18 genera, respectively. Regeneration of protoplast-to-plant
system is available for a large number of species, with extensive literature relating to their culture methods and morphogenesis.
In the context of plant genetic manipulation, somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion has been accomplished in a number
of economically important species with various levels of success. Protoplasts have also been used for studying foreign gene
expression in Porphyra and Ulva. Isolated protoplasts are also exploited in numerous miscellaneous studies involving membrane function, cell structure, bio-chemical
synthesis of cell walls etc. This article briefly reviews the status of various developments in seaweed protoplasts research
and their potentials in genetic improvement of seaweeds, along with needs that must to be fulfilled for effective realization
of the objectives envisaged for protoplast research. |
| |
Keywords: | Cell wall lytic enzymes Marine macroalgae Protoplast isolation Protoplast fusion Somatic hybridization Selection of transformants |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|