用距离取样技术估算森林生境中的梅花鹿密度

作者于 1999年 9、 10月在日本国日光国立公园的一个梅花鹿 (Cervusnippon)高密度区域实施了 16次夜间探照样带距离法取样调查。采用车载探照记数和激光测距仪测距 ,记录了梅花鹿的结群大小和距样带中心样线的垂直距离。应用距离取样技术 (Distancesamplingtechnique ,DST)计算的结果表明 ,梅花鹿的密度为12 5 8头 /km2 (95%CI 10 0 7-157 3 ) ,在两侧 80m宽度的调查样带内梅花鹿的总发现率为 52 5% ;对线样带法的传统动物密度计算方法 (King s ,Hayne s ,Leopold s ,Gates sⅠ ,Gates sⅡ ,Gates sⅢ和Frye s方法 )的结果验证表明 ,这些传统密度计算方法过高估算梅花鹿的密度 ,其结果为距离取样技术 (DST)计算结果的 1 76(Frye′s法 ) -6 10 (Hayne′s法 )倍。因此 ,作者建议在使用线样带法测定动物密度时应尽量避免使用这些传统计算方法 ;不同地区间及同一地区不同季节间应用线样带法调查得到的动物个体记数值之间的比较存在偏差 ,应该使用距离取样技术计算动物的密度

A density estimate of sika deer using distance sampling techniques in forested habitat

Six night spotlight counts were conducted in September and October 1999 in an area of high density of sika deer Cervus nippon in Nikko National Park, Japan. Using a vehicle and laser range-finder, perpendicular distances of deer cluster were measured, and cluster sizes were recorded. Using distance sampling technique (DST), deer density was estimated to be 125.8 deer/km2 (95% CI 100.7- 157.3), and detection probability of sika deer in the 80 m wide line transect on both sides was 52.5 %. By comparing the density estimate result of DST to that of the past naive methods including King's, Hayne's, Leopold's, Gates's Ⅰ , Gates's Ⅱ , Gates'sⅢ , and Frye's methods, it was found these latter methods over-estimated the deer density in our study area as high as 1.76 (Frye's method) to 6.10 (Hayne's method)times the actual density. Thus, we suggest that DST should be used to estimate animal density and that the naive methods should be avoided; we also suggest that comparison of counted deer numbers obtained with the line transect method between different areas or seasons might be biased, and that the DST should be adopted for estimating animal density or abundance.