双孢蘑菇遗传多样性分析

应用AFLP指纹技术对双孢蘑菇的20个野生菌株和5个栽培品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。AFLP指纹揭示出20个野生异核体菌株所固的基因型。5个商业品种表现出比较一致的AFLP指纹，但也显示出它们之间的一些差别。由单孢分离获得的同核体菌株携带着部分异核体菌株的AFLP指纹；由同一子实体分离得到的大部分单孢菌株是异核体菌株，它们具有与其亲本一致的AFLP指纹。UPGMA分析揭示出2个与地理分布（美洲、欧洲）和相对应的组。研究结果表明：（1）在野生菌株之间存在着明显的遗传差异；（2）大多数单孢分离的菌株具有与母本一致的遗传物质；（3）野生菌株间的遗传变异大于栽培品种间的变异；（4）在双孢蘑菇的遗传多样性分析中，AFLP技术是非常有效的工具。

Analyses on Genetic Diversity of Agaricus bisporus

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 20 wild and 5 cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach was done in terms of genetic diversity. The genotype destined for 20 wild heterokaryotic strains identified by AFLP fingerprints. Although 5 cultivated strains were almost identical in the AFLP fingerprints, they can be easily distinguished by AFLP markers. Homokaryons isolated from single spore carry some of the AFLP fingerprints of heterokaryon. Most strains of the single spore isolated from the same fruit body are identical with their parental heterokaryon in AFLP fingerprints. UPGMA analysis of the AFLP data reveals two distinct clusters corresponding to their different geographical populations. These results concluded (1) there are some obvious genetic differences among different wild geographical populations; (2) most strains isolated from single spore have the same genetic materials as their parents; (3) the genetic diversity of wild strains is much richer than the cultivated ones; (4) the AFLP fingerprint is an efficient tool and a new technique in genetic studies of A. bisporus.