自然生境中亚硝酸盐型厌氧甲烷氧化细菌研究进展

随着功能微生物介导的亚硝酸盐型厌氧甲烷氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation，N-DAMO)过程被发现，人们对自然界的碳氮循环有了全新的认识，该过程成为自然生态系统中温室气体甲烷的汇，同时还是氮污染的消减途径。本文系统介绍了N-DAMO过程反应机理以及参与该过程的亚硝酸盐型厌氧甲烷氧化细菌(Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera)的生理生化特征，并对研究该功能菌的分子微生物方法进行了汇总。通过对不同自然生境中该细菌的研究报道进行总结分析，揭示各生境中年均降水量、年均温度、所处不同自然区等大尺度宏观环境因子及碳源、氮源、pH和氧气含量等生存因子对其群落结构的潜在影响，最后在展望中提出此功能菌在未来可深入研究的方向，期望能厘清厌氧甲烷氧化过程及其功能菌在碳、氮循环中的生态学功能。

Research progress of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria in natural habitats

The discovery of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) process, mediated by functional microorganisms, gives us a new understanding of the natural carbon and nitrogen cycle. This process can simultaneously reduce methane and nitrogen pollution. The reaction mechanism of N-DAMO process and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the functional bacteria Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera (M. oxyfera) were systematically introduced in this paper. The molecular and microbiological methods for the study of the functional bacteria were overviewed. This paper summarized and analyzed the research reports of M. oxyfera bacteria in different natural habitats. The potential effects of macro environmental factors such as average precipitation, annual average temperature, different natural areas and growth factors, like carbon source, nitrogen source, pH and oxygen content on the structure of functional bacteria community were revealed. The future research direction of the functional bacteria is proposed, which is expected to clarify the N-DAMO process and the ecological function of the functional bacteria in carbon and nitrogen cycle.