吸湿率和上浮率在枸杞产地检测中的可行性分析

宁夏枸杞（Lycium barbarum）是我国西北地区的一种重要的药食同源的经济作物。为探索一种可行的枸杞产地溯源的方法，对西北地区24个产区枸杞的干果吸湿率和上浮率进行验证。结果表明，枸杞的吸湿率受品种、树龄和果实采收时期的影响，上浮率不受采收季节、干燥方式和树龄的影响。不同地区的枸杞干果吸湿率和上浮率均有差异，产自固原的枸杞干果吸湿率分别为1.47%，显著低于除靖远、玉门、武威外的其他地区（P<0.05），而产自瓜州地区的枸杞干果吸湿率（2.87%）显著高于其他产区（P<0.05）。产自乌拉特前旗、惠农、靖远、中宁的枸杞干果上浮率分别高达95.56%、95.00%、94.44%、93.29%，显著高于产自共和、格尔木、武威、尉犁、精河、瓜州、阿尔泰地区的（分别为76.67%、73.89%、73.13%、71.67%、67.67%、66.39%、65.00%）（P<0.05）。PCA分析表明，同一产区的枸杞分布集中，产自瓜州、固原和武威等地区的枸杞能与大部分地区区分。因此，吸湿率和上浮率可应用于枸杞的产地检测。

Feasibility Study on Identification of Producing Areas of Lycium barbarum with Moisture Absorption Rate and Floating Rate

Lycium barbarum L. (goji) is one of the most important economic crops with well-known and widely consumed fruits as both medicine and functional fruits in Northwest China. In order to explore a novel way to identify producing areas of goji, the moisture absorption rate and floating rate of dry fruits collected from 24 producing areas were detected. The results showed that the moisture absorption rate and floating rate of goji fruits from the same producing area were stable and not affected by desiccation method, cultivar, tree age and harvest time. Goji from different producing areas had different floating rate and moisture absorption rate. The moisture absorption rate of fruits from Guyuan was 1.47%, which was significantly lower than those from other producing areas except Jingyuan, Yumen or Wuwei (P<0.05), whereas goji from Guazhou showed the highest moisture rate with 2.87%. The floating rate of fruits from Urad Qianqi, Huinong, Jingyuan and Zhongning were 95.56%, 95.00%, 94.44% and 93.29%, respectively, and were significantly higher than those from Gonghe, Golmud, Jinghe, Wuwei, Yuli, Guazhou, and Altay areas (76.67%, 73.89%, 73.13%, 71.67%, 67.67%, 66.39%, 65.00%, respectively) (P<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of floating rate and moisture absorption rate showed that the spots of fruits with the same producing area were concentrated, the fruits from Guazhou, Golmud could be distinguished from other producing areas. Therefore, floating rate and moisture absorption rate could be used for identification of producing areas of goji fruits.