基于生态系统服务供需的雄安新区生态网络构建与优化

城市生态网络构建是城市生态系统服务有效发挥作用的保障，构建完善的生态网络对于城市生态格局的优化具有重要的意义。结合雄安新区总体规划，通过雄安新区生态系统服务供给、需求两个层面识别生态源地。基于源地-缓冲区-廊道-节点框架，构建新区生态网络。其中，基于生态源地与城镇用地驱动因子，运用最小累积阻力方法得到累积阻力差，构建新区三生空间布局。根据成本距离分析和路径分析，结合雄安新区规划绿带分布，生成生态廊道，并在廊道与廊道交汇点、重要生态功能与脆弱的关键点以及道路轨道交汇点识别生态节点。得出：（1）新区生态源地主要位于白洋淀、公园绿地与其他绿地，分为水域生态源和林地生态源两类生态源地，面积总共728 km²。城镇源地主要位于新区东部容城县与雄县城区以及一些零星的农村居民点区域，面积为166 km²。（2）在新区三生空间布局下，加强生态廊道的构建，提升生态源地之间、生态源地与城镇源地之间的连通性，新区生态廊道主要依赖河流廊道和林地廊道两种类型。（3）在新区未来生态网络的建设中，需要重点关注河流廊道交汇点、河流廊道与城区的交汇处、交通道路与生态用地交汇处等的生态节点的建设及其生态功能的提升。

Construction and optimization of ecological network in Xiong'an New Area based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services

Construction of urban ecological network is a guarantee of the effective functioning of urban ecosystem services, and the construction of a perfect ecological network optimizes the ecological pattern of urban environment. In combination with the Master plan of Xiong''an New Area, this study identified ecological source areas through the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Xiong''an New Area, the ecological network of Xiong''an New Area has been constructed based on the source, buffer, corridor, and node (SBCN) framework. In this framework, the method of minimum cumulative resistance (based on the driving factors of ecological source area and urban source) is used to obtain the cumulative resistance difference and form the space distribution in Xiong''an New Area. According to the cost distance and minimum path analysis, ecological corridors were generated in combination with the green belt distribution planned for Xiong''an New Area, and ecological nodes were identified at the intersections of two corridors, key point of important ecological function and vulnerability, and road junctions. The study concluded that: (1) the region''s ecological source was mainly located in Baiyangdian, green spaces in parks and others. These green spaces can be divided into ecological source areas of water and forest, covering a total area of 728 km². The urban area is located mainly in Rongcheng County and Xiong County in the east, with some scattered rural residential areas, covering area of 166 km². (2) The spatial layout of the land in Xiong''an New Area would strengthen the construction of ecological corridors and improve the connectivity between ecological sources as well as between ecological sources and urban sources. The ecological corridors in Xiong''an New Area rely on river corridors and forest corridors. (3) Future ecological network should focus on construction of ecological nodes, such as the intersections of river corridors, the intersections of river corridors and urban areas, and the intersections of roads and ecological land, as well as the improvement of ecological function of ecological nodes.