武夷山国家公园森林植被对景区活动的响应

科学地规划游客的数量与时段已经成为当前国家公园迫切需要解决的问题。基于2000-2018年MODIS 250 m NDVI数据、土地覆盖/利用数据、90 m高程（DEM）数据、地理信息数据和气象资料等，分析研究了武夷山国家公园不同景区活动类型（保护区、景区和过渡区）森林植被的生长季、NDVI年际变化趋势和脆弱性。结果表明：（1）相对于保护区植被生长季10月份结束，景区植被生长季结束期提前，最早提前到9月份。（2）2000-2018年气候变化和景区活动均带来植被指数的增加，但景区活动影响大于气候变化影响。（3）景区活动加重森林植被的脆弱性，其脆弱性程度呈景区 > 过渡区 > 保护区。（4）景区活动对森林植被呈负作用，但正在发生的气候变暖和景区有效管理可在一定程度上补偿这一负作用。研究结果可为武夷山国家公园制定旅游时间和游客数量提供决策依据。

Response of forest vegetation to scenic activities in Wuyishan National Park

The purpose of making a national park is to protect the country''s important natural ecosystems, as well as the plants and animals that live there. Scientific planning of the quantity and travel time of tourists has become an urgent issue for national parks. Wuyishan National Park is composed of three areas: Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (BHQ), Wuyishan National Scenic Area (JQ), and areas in-between (GDQ). Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (250 m resolution) from 2000 to 2018, digital elevation model (DEM, 90 m resolution), land cover/usage data, geographic information data, and meteorological data, we estimated the length of growing season, interannual variability of NDVI, and Vulnerability of forest vegetation in the three types of areas (BHQ, JQ, GDQ) of Wuyishan National Park, and assessed the impact of human activities and climate change on the growth of forest vegetation. We set up 5 vegetation plots in each type of areas (BHQ, JQ, GDQ) under similar climatic conditions for the study. The results show that tourist activities shortened the growing season of forests. The growing season of JQ ends in September, one month earlier than that of BHQ, due to the change of vegetation types caused by tourist activities. Both climate change and tourist activities from 2000 to 2018 increased NDVI, while the impact of tourist activities was greater than that of climate change. The annual NDVI growth rate of JQ, GDQ, and BHQ was 0.046/10a, 0.032/10a, and 0.007/10a, respectively. The growing season mean temperature was found to be largely responsible for the change of forest vegetation, and an increase in temperature was beneficial to the vegetation growth. Tourist activities increased the Sensitivity of forest vegetation and reduced the Adaptability of forest vegetation, which in turn increased the Vulnerability of forest vegetation. As a result, the ranking of Sensitivity and Vulnerability for the three types of areas was JQ > GDQ > BHQ, while that of the Adaptability was BHQ > GDQ > JQ. Tourist activities degraded the structure and function of ecosystems, which showed greater vulnerability and instability. Part of the negative effect from tourist activity on the change of forest vegetation was offset by climate warming and effective tourism management. This study shed insights into the planning of travel time and quantity of tourists in Wuyishan National Park.