雄安新区多尺度生态基础设施规划

生态基础设施是保持、改善和增加生态系统服务的条件和过程,对于提升区域生态系统服务能力具有重要意义。已有的生态基础设施规划方法主要针对单一尺度进行,不能体现生态系统服务在不同尺度间的相互影响。基于ArcGIS、最小累积阻力（MCR）模型和层次分析法（AHP）构建了一种"宏观-中观-微观"多尺度生态基础设施核心区识别和生态廊道辨识的方法体系框架。以雄安新区为例,提出生态基础设施规划方案：宏观尺度需维持气候调节、固碳释氧、保护生物多样性、防风固沙等功能的稳定,生态核心区斑块面积建议大于10 km²,生态廊道宽度设置为100-200 m;中观尺度生态核心区斑块面积不小于5 km²,宽度设置为50-100 m,可改善区域水源涵养、文化休闲、净化环境、减弱噪声等生态系统服务功能;微观尺度生态核心区斑块需大于1 km²,宽度为10-30 m,可有效控制径流、净水调蓄。得出以下结论：（1）不同尺度生态基础设施规划目标不同,规模有所差别,其中宏观尺度规模最大,微观最小;（2）多尺度规划方法,可以科学有效的指导生态基础设施建设,提高区域生态系统服务能力;（3）多尺度生态基础设施规划建设需要向多学科理论和方法的交叉融合方向发展。研究结论可为今后全面推进雄安新区的可持续发展提供科学基础和决策参考。

Multi-scale ecological infrastructure planning of Xiong'an New Area

Ecological infrastructure is a condition and process that can maintain, improve, and increase ecosystem services. It is of great significance for improving the capacity of regional ecosystem services. The existing ecological infrastructure planning methods mainly aim at a single scale, which cannot reflect the interaction of ecosystem services at different scales. Based on ArcGIS, Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a macro-meso-micro multi-scale ecological infrastructure method is proposed to identify ecological core area and ecological corridor in this paper. Taking Xiong''an New Area as an example, this paper puts forward an ecological infrastructure planning scheme. The patch area of the ecological core area of the macro scale is recommended to be more than 10 km² and the width of the ecological corridor is set at 100-200 m to maintain the stability of functions such as climate regulation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity protection, wind protection and sand fixation. The patch area of the meso-scale ecological core area is no less than 5 km² and its width is set at 50-100 m, which can improve the ecological system service functions such as water conservation, cultural recreation, environmental purification, and noise reduction. The patch in the micro-scale ecological core area should be larger than 1 km² and the width should be 10-30 m, which can effectively control runoff and water purification. Finally we come to the following conclusions: (1) Different scales of ecological infrastructure planning have different goals and different scales, of which the macroscopic scale is the largest and the microscopic scale is the smallest. (2) A set of multi-scale construction planning methods established in this paper can guide the construction of ecological infrastructure scientifically and effectively and improve the service capacity of regional ecosystem. (3) The construction of multi-scale ecological infrastructure planning needs to develop towards the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary theories and methods. The research results can provide scientific basis and reference for decision-making for promoting the sustainable development of Xiong''an New Area in the future.