基于物种分布的森林生态系统类型自然保护区功能区划评价——以河南连康山国家级自然保护区为例

森林生态系统类型自然保护区是我国最主要的自然保护区类型，该类型自然保护区通常具有复杂多样的保护对象，因此对其进行功能区划需全面考虑各种保护对象的需求。评价森林生态系统类型的自然保护区功能区划有利于提高自然保护区的保护有效性。以属于森林生态系统类型自然保护区的河南连康山国家级自然保护区功能区划为研究对象，于2016年12月至2018年12月在该自然保护区内进行样线和红外相机调查，获取白冠长尾雉及与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的分布点数据，结合收集的环境数据，采用MaxEnt模型对白冠长尾雉（Syrmaticus reevesii）和与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的分布进行预测，进而分析物种与该自然保护区功能区划的空间关系，及自然保护区内野生动物分布与人为干扰强度的空间关系，评估连康山国家级自然保护区现有功能区划对白冠长尾雉和与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的保护有效性。结果表明，保护区内高保护价值区域面积为33.84 km²，核心区、缓冲区和实验区内高保护价值区域面积分别占保护区总面积的18.96%、3.84%和9.19%，自然保护区内高保护价值区域面积比例偏低。保护区现有功能区划并不能充分满足保护白冠长尾雉栖息地的需要，且核心区、缓冲区和实验区面临不同程度的人为干扰的影响，这对保护区内重点保护对象的生存产生潜在威胁。因此，结合保护区内保护价值与人为干扰分布现状，针对白冠长尾雉及相关物种的受胁情况提出两种不同的保护区功能区划优化方案，在不降低连康山国家级自然保护区面积的前提下，提高核心保护区白冠长尾雉及相关物种适宜栖息地面积的比例，同时降低保护区内人为干扰强度。本研究可为该保护区保护白冠长尾雉提供决策依据，并为其他以野生动物为保护目标的保护区功能区划优化提供指导方法。

Evaluation on functional zoning of forest ecosystem nature reserves based on species distribution: a case study of Henan Liankangshan National Nature Reserve

As the most important type of nature reserve in China, forest ecosystem nature reserve usually has complex and diverse protection objects. In order to regionalize its functions, the needs of various protected objects should be considered comprehensively. Evaluating the functional zoning of the forest ecosystem nature reserve is conducive to improving the protection effectiveness of it. In this study, we took the functional division of Henan Liankangshan National Nature Reserve, a forest ecosystem type nature reserve, as the research object. From December 2016 to December 2018, we conducted surveys of Line transect and infrared-trigger camera in this nature reserve to obtain the distribution point data of Reeves''s pheasant and the related species. Combined with the collected environmental data, we preformed the distribution and the species interacting of Reeves''s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) by MaxEnt model. Furthermore, the spatial relationship between species and functional zoning of the nature reserve was analyzed, as well as the spatial relationship between the distribution of wild animals and the intensity of human disturbance in the nature reserve. Then, we evaluated the protection effectiveness of the Liankangshan National Nature Reserve existing functional zoning for the Reeves''s pheasant and the species interacting of Reeves''s pheasant. The results show that the area of high protection value area in this nature reserve is 33.84 km², and the area of high protection value in core area, buffer zone and experimental area account for 18.96%, 3.84% and 9.19% of the nature reserve respectively. The area ratio of high protection value area is relatively low in Liankangshan National Nature Reserve. The existing functional zoning of the reserve does not fully meet the need to protect the habitat of the Reeves''s pheasant. The core area, buffer zone and experimental area are faced with different degrees of human disturbance, which poses a potential threat to the survival of the key protected objects in the nature reserve. Therefore, according to the present situation of protection value and human disturbance distribution, two different functional zoning optimization schemes of Reeves''s pheasant were put forward. On the premise of not reducing the area of Liankangshan National Nature Reserve, increase the proportion of the suitable habitat area of Reeves''s pheasant and related species in the core protection area, while reduce the intensity of human disturbance in the protection area. This study could provide decision-making basis for the protection of Reeves''s pheasant in Liankangshan National Nature Reserve and provide guidance for the optimization of functional zoning of other nature reserve with wild animals as the protection goal.