Increasing incidence and survival of paediatric and adolescent thyroid cancer in Cyprus 1998–2017: A population-based study from the Cyprus Pediatric Oncology Registry |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;5. Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;6. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;7. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;3. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPaediatric and adolescent thyroid cancer incidence rates are increasing in many countries. We determined incidence rates, temporal trends and survival from thyroid cancer diagnosed in childhood and adolescence in Cyprus during 1998−2017.MethodsPatients aged 0–19 years, diagnosed with thyroid cancer in the Pediatric Oncology Registry of Cyprus were included. Crude incidence rates, age standardized rates, time trends and overall survival were analysed. Annual rates and temporal trends were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsEighty-one cases (76.5 % female, 23.5 % male) were identified. The crude rates (per 100,000 persons) were for both sexes 2.00 (95 % CI 1.61, 2.49), females 3.15 (95 % CI 2.45, 4.03) and males 0.92 (95 % CI 0.58, 1.44). The annual percentage changes of crude and standardised rates were 7.5 % (p < 0.05) and 7.6 % (p < 0.05). The annual percentage changes of crude rates were for females 5.1 % (p = 0.1), males 8.4 % (p < 0.05) and 15−19-year-olds 7.6 % (p < 0.05). The female to male rate ratio was 3.42 (95 % CI 2.06, 5.74). Papillary thyroid carcinoma represented 86.4 % of all cases. There was only one case after previous cancer therapy. The rate ratio of 2nd (2008−2017) to 1st (1998−2007) periods for metastatic (regional) stages was 3.76 (95 % CI 1.74, 8.31). Survival until 2018 was 100 %.ConclusionThis population-based study demonstrated that thyroid cancer incidence rates in 0–19-year-olds in Cyprus was among the world’s highest. Increasing trends mainly affected males and females aged 15−19 years with papillary thyroid carcinoma, the dominant type. Cases after previous cancer therapy didn’t contribute to increasing rates. The increase of metastatic cases suggests a true increase of thyroid cancer rather than overdiagnosis. Although prognosis is excellent with 100 % survival, the rising incidence rate is unexplained, indicating the need to identify causes. |
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| Keywords: | Children and adolescents Thyroid cancer Incidence and trends Survival Childhood cancer registry Cyprus |
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