The effect of bark thickness on host partitioning between Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymen: Eulophidae) and Atanycolus spp. (Hymen: Braconidae), two parasitoids of emerald ash borer (Coleop: Buprestidae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant, Soil & Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;2. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;3. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA;4. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;5. USDA APHIS PPQ Emerald Ash Borer Program, Brighton, MI 48116, USA;1. Univ. Rennes1, UMR CNRS 6553, ECOBIO, F-35042 Rennes, France;2. BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France;3. Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute EFIATLANTIC, F-33610 Cestas, France;1. Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Ph.D. Program, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, United States;2. Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States;3. Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States;4. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, United States;1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, United States;2. Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States;1. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, United States;2. Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States;1. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA;2. Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, USDA ARS, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19711, USA;3. Maryland Department of Agriculture, 50 Harry S. Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA;4. Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, USDA APHIS, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA;1. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, United States;2. USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, United States;3. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA 30602, United States |
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| Abstract: | Parasitoids have recently been introduced from Asia to aid in biological control in the United States of the invasive, highly damaging, emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Three introduced parasitoids have established and field biological studies are underway to improve our understanding of niche partitioning among them. Here we report one such investigation, a field experiment conducted to determine how outer bark thickness of ash trees might affect parasitism by one introduced (Tetrastichus planipennisi) and one native parasitoid (Atanycolus spp.). We found that T. planipennisi was unable to parasitize EAB larvae in trees with outer bark thicker than 3.2 mm (>11.2-cm DBH) whereas Atanycolus spp. parasitized EAB larvae in ash trees with outer bark up to 8.8 mm thick (>57.4-cm DBH). These results suggest that establishment of, and control by T. planipennisi at release sites with only large diameter trees is less likely, and that T. planipennisi will be more effective in stands with younger trees (<12-cm DBH). Releasing T. planipennisi near the leading edge of EAB invasion may have little impact on EAB populations if many ash trees are too large. We recommend releasing T. planipennisi in stands dominated by small, early successional or regenerating ash trees. This may maximize the establishment and effectiveness of this species. This limitation of T. planipennisi for biological control of emerald ash borer suggests that other EAB parasitoids from its native range with longer ovipositors, such as Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), should be sought and evaluated for possible use as EAB biocontrol agents in the US. The results of this study also suggest the importance of parasitoid guild introduction for biological control in general, and hint at possible broader implications relating to resource partitioning among native and introduced parasitoids. |
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