Development of restoration trajectory metrics in reforested bottomland hardwood forests applying a rapid assessment approach |
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| Institution: | 1. Wetlands and Coastal Ecology Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, United States;2. Wetland and Aquatic Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States;1. Université de Tours, UMR CNRS 7324 CITERES, DATE, 33 avenue Ferdinand de Lesseps, 37200, Tours, France;2. GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;3. UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France;4. Ecole de la Nature et du Paysage (INSA Centre Val de Loire), UMR CNRS 7324 CITERES, 9 rue de la Chocolaterie, 41000, Blois, France;1. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;2. Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;1. School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;2. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;3. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;4. Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;5. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;1. Section of Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;2. CHI-Baylor Saint Luke''s Medical Center, Houston, Texas;3. Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas |
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| Abstract: | Large scale wetland restoration and reforestation efforts continue to expand throughout the Lower Mississippi Valley. Monitoring of restoration performance and the development of restoration trajectories pose challenges to resource managers and remain problematic due to (1) temporal patterns in forest succession, (2) budget constraints and short project monitoring timeframes, (3) disparity in the extent of pre-restoration hydrologic and landscape manipulations, and (4) lack of coherent restoration performance standards. The current work establishes a framework for identifying restoration trajectory metrics within project-relevant timescales. The study examined 17 variables commonly applied in rapid assessments. Four variables yielded positive restoration trajectories within a few years to 20 years. These include shrub-sapling density, ground vegetation cover, and development of organic and A soil horizons. Remaining variables including flood frequency and tree density provide limited useful information within critical early years following reforestation due to the time required for measurable changes to occur. As a result, assessment components are classified into three categories of rapid response, response, and stable variables. Restoring entities should maximize stable variables (e.g., afforestation species composition) during project implementation through site selection and planting techniques; while development of restoration milestones should focus on rapid response variables. Data collected at mature bottomland hardwood control sites displays the non-linearity of trajectory curves over decadal time scales. |
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| Keywords: | Restoration trajectory Wetland Rapid assessment Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach Bottomland hardwood forest Mississippi valley |
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