M-AMBI derived from taxonomic levels higher than species allows Ecological Status assessments of benthic habitats in new geographical areas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;2. Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia;1. Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India;2. Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kochi, India;3. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Shiga, Japan;4. Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India;1. LPG-BIAF UMR CNRS 6112, University of Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France;2. Geological Survey of Israel, Malkei Israel Street 30, Jerusalem 95501, Israel;3. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via V. Brancati, 60, 00144 Rome, Italy;4. ESAIP La Salle Graduate School of Engineering, 18, Rue du 8 mai 1945, 49180 St. Barthélemy d''Anjou, France;5. University of Fribourg, Department of Geosciences, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;6. CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Calata Porta di Massa, Naples, Italy;7. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy;9. Department of Stratigraphy, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark;10. Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell''Ambiente, Ancona, Italy;1. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia;2. School of Environmental Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK;3. School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;4. AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20100 Pasaia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) benthic Ecological Quality Ratios (EQRs) are important tools for assessing Ecological Status (ES) of coastal and transitional waters. Calculation of the Multivariate-AZTI Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI) EQR is based on the proportions of sensitive and stress tolerant benthic invertebrate species, number of species and Shannon–Wiener diversity. The sensitivity of many tropical/sub-tropical taxa has not yet been determined, presenting a barrier to the direct transfer of WFD EQRs, and the ideas underpinning them, to the management of coastal waters beyond Europe. To overcome this we examine using higher taxonomic level data with M-AMBI.Before applying such approaches to assessing ES in new geographical regions it is essential to determine the effects of using higher taxonomic level data on M-AMBI in areas where the tool was developed. To this end, we use macrofaunal data from three well studied sites in north-western Europe to examine the effects of using taxonomic level data higher than species on M-AMBI. Using the European datasets M-AMBI ES classification was shown to be robust to changes in taxonomic level data. We test the suitability of family-level M-AMBI for assessing ES in subtropical Hong Kong waters. Family level M-AMBI was useful in detecting stress in Hong Kong, where it successfully detected temporal and spatial shifts in ES in response to seasonal hypoxia and salinity variability, and anthropogenic organic enrichment. |
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| Keywords: | Water Framework Directive Ecological Quality Ratio Taxonomic sufficiency Benthic macrofauna Hong Kong |
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