Many alien invasive plants disperse against the direction of stream flow in riparian areas |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref., 305-8604, Japan;2. The Museum of Nature and Human Activities Hyogo, 6, Yayoigaoka, Sanda, Hyogo Pref., 669-1546, Japan;1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;2. Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;1. Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;2. Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France;3. University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;4. Centre d׳Excellence en Technologies de l׳Information et de la Communication, Charleroi, Belgium;5. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;6. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia;1. Universidad de La Rioja, Departamento de Ciencias Humanas, Edificio Vives C/ Luis de Ulloa, 2, E-26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;2. MONREPOS Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, RGZM Schloss Neuwied, Neuwied, 56567, Germany;3. IIIPC – Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain;4. Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria (MUPAC), C/ Ruiz de Alda, 19, E-39009 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;5. CSIC-Institución Milà y Fontanals (IMF), Departamento de Arqueología y Antropología, Grup AGREST, C/ Egípciaques, 15, E-08001 Barcelona, Spain;6. UMR 5608 du CNRS, TRACES, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France;7. Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), C/ Tomás y Valiente, s/n, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;8. Centro Nacional de la Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra Atapuerca, 3, E-09002 Burgos, Spain;1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 250 Tokuda, Nayoro 096-0071, Hokkaido, Japan;2. Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Moshiri, Horokanai 074-0741, Hokkaido, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Propagule pressure plays an important role in the invasion of alien plants into riparian areas. In this study, we focused on propagule pressure from both neighboring riparian areas and anthropogenic land-use areas because propagules are likely to originate from both sources. We tested the effects of whether neighboring units contained the alien plant species, focusing on the direction of invasion by alien plant species into the focal unit, and how much anthropogenic land was contained within the unit, focusing on both farmland and urbanized areas, on alien plant occurrences in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We modeled the occurrence of 10 alien plants using generalized linear models to evaluate species invasions by both propagules from both neighboring units and anthropogenic land within a unit. We also investigated the biological and ecological plant attributes that are likely related to invasion success, such as seed dispersal methods, seed size, and clonality, and tested the relationships between the model results and each species’ attributes. Results showed that the occurrence of an affected neighboring unit was positively associated with the occurrence of all 10 alien plants. Note that two alien invasive species were influenced by upstream flow direction, six species by downstream flow direction, and in two species, propagule supply was not distinguished by direction. In short, the dominant direction of dispersal was against the stream current, while dispersal in the downstream direction was less common. Species attributes were associated with these directions of dispersal. In addition, anthropogenic land was positively associated with the occurrence of most alien plants, although this effect was weaker than the neighbor unit effects. These results indicate that alien plants spreading into riparian areas do not always follow the natural flow regime; rather, they spread against the flow regime in some cases. We discuss an ecological explanation for these results and provide perspectives for future river management of alien plants that invade the riparian zone. |
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