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Cartography of littoral rocky-shore communities (CARLIT) as a tool for ecological quality assessment of coastal waters in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Affiliation:1. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia;2. National Research Council, IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy;3. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;4. The University of Western Australia, Australia;5. University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;6. Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, SH1, 1000 Tirana, Albania;7. National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Strada Statale 14, 34149 Trieste, Italy;8. National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, via Pola 4, 71010 Lesina (FG), Italy;9. National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;10. University of Montenegro, Institute of Marine Biology, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro;11. Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, via Auguste Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy;12. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia;13. National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Arsenale Tesa 104 Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy;14. Hydrographic Institute of the Italian Navy, Passo dell''Osservatorio 4, 16134 Genova, Italy;1. DiSTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy;2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115 Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand;3. University of Auckland, Institute of Marine Science, Private Bag 92091, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;4. Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratoire ECOMERS, Avenue de Valrose, BP71, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France;5. DiSVA, Marche Polytechnic University, P.zza Roma 22, 60121 Ancona, Italy
Abstract:Littoral cartography is a valuable tool which uses shallow water macroalgal communities for monitoring ecosystem health and water quality. Cartography of littoral rocky-shore communities (CARLIT) is a European Union Water Framework Directive-compliant monitoring method widely used in the Western Mediterranean Sea. This non-destructive method is based on a visual observation of the type and length of coast occupied by rocky-shore communities in the upper-sublittoral zone. Here we present the first wide-scale application of CARLIT in the Adriatic Sea. The reference values calculated specifically for the Croatian coast (Eastern Adriatic Sea) ensure accurate calculation of the ecological status. The measured ecological quality ratio values (EQR) show a good linear relation with the Land Uses Simplified Index (LUSI) and appropriately reflect an increase in nutrient concentrations. The results suggest that this method can be used as a reliable biomonitoring tool in the Eastern Adriatic Sea. This study highlighted that Cystoseira forests thrive in 39% of the surveyed coastline and 23% of the coastline seems to be subjected to overgrazing by sea urchins. Our results provide a spatially accurate information on the abundance of different upper-sublittoral communities and the associated ecological status, which can be used in future management plans for improving water quality.
Keywords:CARLIT  Ecological status  Water framework directive  Macroalgae  Adriatic Sea
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