Immobilization of cellulase on magnetoresponsive graphene nano-supports |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, United States;2. Technova Corporation, 1926 Turner Street, Lansing, MI 48906, United States;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China;2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China;1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;3. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Institute Technology Brunei, Tungku Gadong, P.O. Box 2909, Brunei Darussalam;4. Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, P.O.Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;3. Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;4. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran;6. Pharmacutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;7. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;8. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China;2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China;3. College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 210000, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;2. Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;3. Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;4. Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we report the preparation of pH tunable, temperature sensitive magnetoresponsive graphene-based nano-bio carriers for cellulase immobilization. We discuss a simple route to overcome the geometric disadvantage imposed by most 2D immobilization supports and make them capable of closely mimicking free enzymes (FE) operating under similar reaction conditions. The supramolecular assembly of oppositely charged quenched polyelectrolytes and maghemite–magnetite nanoparticles on 2D graphene supports followed by covalent immobilization of cellulase shows a marked improvement in the bio-receptivity of graphene supports. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles opens up the possibility of recovery and reuse of the enzyme over multiple cycles. The immobilized enzymes retained about 55% of the original specific activity even after four cycles of reuse. Cellulase immobilization is achieved by a combination of annealed polyelectrolyte brushes and zero-length spacer molecules. The swelling behavior of annealed polyelectrolyte brushes is a strong function of the environmental conditions. The degree of polyelectrolyte swelling can be easily tweaked by manipulating the pH and temperature, providing us an effective tool to control the activity of immobilized enzymes. At a pH of 5.1 and a temperature of 50 °C, the immobilized enzymes with the annealed polyelectrolyte brushes displayed close to 1.5-fold improvement in the activity as compared to immobilized enzymes without the brushes. Activity of immobilized cellulase is evaluated using both soluble as well as insoluble substrates like 2% (w/v) CMC and avicel respectively. |
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