Electrocardiograms recorded from the body surface of the carp, Cyprinus carpio

The electrocardiograms (ECGs) in five kinds of bipolar leads were recorded from the body surface of the carp under water. Each component constituting the ECG wave could be detected by the present method. The potentials of the ECGs recorded by the present method were relatively small, the values being 2-64 microV. The electrical axis in most carp was directed toward the right lateral side.