Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae |
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Authors: | DE Ennis AB Dillon |
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Institution: | Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland |
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Abstract: | Steinernema carpocapsae can be effective against root-feeding insects despite its reputation as a sedentary ambusher. In pot experiments, using twigs as surrogate roots and pine weevil larvae as targets, we tested the hypothesis that roots serve as physical routeways and conduits of feeding-associated stimuli, thus enhancing the success of S. carpocapsae applied at the surface against subterranean hosts. Insect mortality was lowest (25%) in the absence of plant material, increased to 48% when twigs linked nematodes and insects, and further increased to 69% when the insects were allowed feed on the twigs. This is the first experimental support for the root-routeway hypothesis. |
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Keywords: | Steinernema carpocapsae Hylobius abietis Entomopathogenic nematodes Foraging strategy Host-finding Vibrations Roots Subterranean Insect feeding |
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