中国(鱼兆)科(鱼匽)(鱼兆)群系统发育与地理分布格局研究进展

中国鮡科鰋鮡群鱼类至今已记录8属23种(亚种),但分布于云南澜沧江、怒江等水系的一些种类及分布于四川西南地区的属和石爬属的一些种的有效性仍存疑问或争议,值得进一步研究。分子生物学证据为解决种级阶元分类地位的争议,或者为系统发育研究提供了微观证据。但形态学之间、形态学与分子生物学之间、分子生物学之间的研究结果均不完全吻合,甚至同一作者不同年代形态学与分子生物学的研究结果也相互矛盾。鱼类的分布格局及不同阶元的分化与青藏高原的3次隆升有着密不可分的关系。鰋鮡鱼类的分化不仅体现在各大水系之间,也体现在同一水系的不同支流或上下游之间。该类群的分化既包括了自然阻障形成导致的分类阶元的隔离分化过程,也包括了同一阶元在同一水系扩散分化的生态适应过程。这两个过程的交织,使得鰋鮡鱼类的分化和分布异常复杂。尽可能收全鰋鮡鱼类现生种类,发现更多的分类学证据,形态特征与分子证据的有机结合,是今后鰋鮡鱼类分类、系统发育和地理分布格局研究的发展方向。

Progress of Studies on the Phylogeny and Geographic Distribution Pattern of Catfish Glyptosternoid (Sisoridae) in China

Eight genera and twenty-three species of glyptosternoid fish (Sisoridae) have been recorded in China. However, there is some dispute about the taxonomic status and validity of some species distributed in Lancangjiang and Nujiang of Yunnan province, and some species of genera Pareuchiloglanis and Euchiloglanis in southwest area of Sichuan province. Molecular biology and microscopic techniques have been only partically helpful in resolving the dispute of species status and for the study of phylogeny. Even results obtained by the same author using morphology and molecular biology in different years have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we have reexamined the taxonomic status and validity of certain species of glyptosternoid fish. The distribution pattern of glyptosternoid fish and differentiation of genera and species are closely related to the three uplifts of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. The differentiation of glyptosternoid fish occurred in the great water drainages, among the different tributaries, and even the upper and lower reaches of the same drainage. The differentiation course of glyptosternoid fish included two processes. One was due to vicariance caused by natural geographic obstructions and another was a dispersal process caused by ecological adaptation. These two processes intersected, resulting in an unusually complex differentiation and distribution of glyptosternoid fish. Our future objectives are to collect data for all recorded species, to find more taxonomic data, and to combine the techniques of morphology and molecular biology in order to refine the classification, phylogeny and the geography distribution of glyptosternoid fish.