Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from immune tissues of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) challenged with pathogens |
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Authors: | Belén G Pardo Carlos Fernández Adrián Millán Carmen Bouza Araceli Vázquez-López Manuel Vera José A Alvarez-Dios Manuel Calaza Antonio Gómez-Tato María Vázquez Santiago Cabaleiro Beatriz Magariños Manuel L Lemos José M Leiro Paulino Martínez |
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Affiliation: | (1) Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 Lelystad, AB, The Netherlands;(2) Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Service, P.O. Box 9, 7400 Deventer, AA, The Netherlands;(3) Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 Lelystad, AB, The Netherlands;(4) Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Background In the recent past, the introduction of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) followed by between-herd spread has given rise to a number of large epidemics in The Netherlands and Belgium. Both these countries are pork-exporting countries. Particularly important in these epidemics has been the occurrence of substantial "neighborhood transmission" from herd to herd in the presence of base-line control measures prescribed by EU legislation. Here we propose a calculation procedure to map out "high-risk areas" for local between-herd spread of CSFV as a tool to support decision making on prevention and control of CSFV outbreaks. In this procedure the identification of such areas is based on an estimated inter-herd distance dependent probability of neighborhood transmission or "local transmission". Using this distance-dependent probability, we derive a threshold value for the local density of herds. In areas with local herd density above threshold, local transmission alone can already lead to epidemic spread, whereas in below-threshold areas this is not the case. The first type of area is termed 'high-risk' for spread of CSFV, while the latter type is termed 'low-risk'. |
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