Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Disko Island (Greenland) |
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Authors: | B Bischoff C Wiencke |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Federal Republic of Germany |
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Abstract: | The temperature requirements for growth and upper temperature tolerance were determined in 16 macroalgal species collected
on Disko Island (Greenland). The upper survival temperatures were examined in 1°C steps, and growth measured at 5°C intervals
between 0 and 20°C using a refined method, where the fresh weight was determined weekly or fortnightly over a period of 5
or 6 weeks. To express temperature-growth responses, growth rates of temperature-acclimated plants were taken. Two groups
with different temperature requirements were identified: (1) A stenothermal group includingAcrosiphonia arcta, Acrosiphonia sonderi, Urospora penicilliformis, Devaleraea ramentacea, Desmarestia aculeata, Pilayella
littoralis, growing between 0 and (10 to) 15 (or 20)°C with optima between 0 and 10°C. The upper survival temperatures in these species
and inChromastrum secundatum, Chromastrum virgatulum, Chordaria flagelliformis were between 17 and 23°C (duration of experiment: 2 weeks). (2) A eurythermal group includingEnteromorpha clathrata, Enteromorpha intestinalis andPolysiphonia urceolata growing between 0 and 20°C with growth optima at 10 or 15°C. The upper survival temperatures in these species and inChaetomorpha tortuosa, Bangia atropurpurea andEudesme virescens were between 24 and 31°C. These algal species showed little adaptation to the Arctic temperatures. In contrast, algae from
the first group exhibited a relatively high adaptation to low temperatures — approaching the low temperature requirements
of Antarctic algae. The results are discussed in relation to the geographic distribution of individual species. |
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