Intranasal Cabergoline: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies |
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Authors: | Gitanjali Sharma Anil Kumar Mishra Pushpa Mishra Ambikanandan Misra |
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Institution: | (1) Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Post Box No.51, Vadodara, 390 001 Gujarat, India;(2) Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Government of India, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India; |
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Abstract: | Aims of this investigation were to prepare and characterize cabergoline intranasal microemulsion formulations, determine brain
drug delivery through biodistribution using technetium-99m (99mTc) as a tracer, and assess its performance pharmacodynamically in weight control. Cabergoline microemulsions of different
compositions were prepared by water titration method and characterized for globule size and zeta potential. Microemulsion
with maximum drug solubilization and stability was considered optimal and taken for further studies with or without addition
of mucoadhesive agent. Pharmacokinetics of optimized 99mTc-labeled cabergoline formulations and 99mTc-labeled drug solution were studied by estimating radioactivity in brain and blood of albino rats post intranasal, intravenous,
and oral administrations. To confirm localization of drug in brain following intranasal, intravenous, and oral administrations,
gamma scintigraphy imaging was also performed. To assess weight control performance of formulations, body weight, white adipose
tissue mass, serum lipids, leptin, and prolactin were determined before and after 40 days of intranasal administrations of
these formulations to Wistar rats. Microemulsions were found to be stable both physically and chemically when stored at various
stress conditions. Brain/blood uptake ratios, drug targeting efficiency, and direct drug transport were found to be highest
for drug mucoadhesive microemulsion followed by drug microemulsion and drug solution post-intranasal administration compared
to intravenous drug microemulsion. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in assessed pharmacodynamic parameters was observed after intranasal administration of mucoadhesive microemulsion
against control group. The results of the studies conclusively demonstrate that intranasal microemulsion formulations developed
in this investigation are stable and can deliver cabergoline selectively and in higher amounts to the brain compared to both
drug administrations as a solution intranasally or microemulsion intravenously. The results also demonstrate reduction in
weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipids, and serum prolactin after intranasal administration of drug microemulsion. Hence,
long-term studies in at least two more animal models followed by extensive clinical evaluation can safely result into a product
for clinical use. |
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