葡萄属营养器官的比较解剖学及其系统学意义

本文对国产葡萄属24个种、6个变种和4个美洲种进行了比较解剖学研究。比较观察了茎、节、 叶柄、叶片的维管系统、厚角组织、厚壁组织、毛状体、后含物、叶表皮角质等解剖学特征。并讨论了它们在系统学上的意义。

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS IN THE GENUS VITIS L. AND ITS SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE

The comparative anatomy of vegetative organs of 24 species and six varieties of Vitis from China in presented in this paper. The anatomical characteristics of stems, nodes, petioles and leaves, such as vascular system, hairs, sclerenchyma, collenchyma and foliar cuticular papillae, were examined in detail. The main characteristics of vegetative organs of Vitis, observed in the persent work, are as follows; (1) In the transverse section of stems, the vascular bundles were separated by medullary rays. The number of medullary rays was variable in the genus, e. g. 18-22 in V. vuuhanensis, 37-40 in V. piloso-nervosa. (2) The nodes of Vitis were multilacunar, with 4-8 traces from an equal number of gaps. (3) The transverse section of petioles in the middle part exhibited a ring of bundles, accompanied by two, or less frequently more, cortical bundles on either side of the groove. Two types of the ring were recognized: the closed ring type (continous vascular bundles) and the false ring type (separate vascular bundles connected by streaks of lignified parenchyma). The anatomical structure of petioles can be classified into three types according to the number and the arrangement of bundles. (4) In the cross section at the base of the primary vein of leaf blades, vascular bundles were isolated. Based on the number of bundles, the anatomical structure of leaf blades can be divided into three types. (5) Several kinds of hairs were found; unicellular, uniseriate, stalked-glan- dular, shortly stalked uniseriate and spiny-like multicellular. The occurrence of raphides is characteristic of the Vitaceae, including the genus Vitis. Interspecific differences of anatomical structure in Vitis are useful for distinguishing some species, and can be applied to discussinfg systematics and phylogeny. It is found that the number( of vascular bundles are obviously correlated-with the size of leaves and stems. The variation of bundles in Vitis is therefore probably an adaptation. Two evolutionary tendencies of the number of bundles in Vitis are proposed; the increase in some species, and the decrease in the others.