桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布

本文对桦木科植物的研究历史作了详细的总结。在钻研文献的基础上，补充了部分系统学资料，使得花序、花、芬粉、叶表皮等各类性状能够在属间进行比较。根据外类群比较、和谐性分析等原则确定了性的演化极性，利用最大同步法和最小平行演化法对桦木科植物进行了分支分析。对各属的现代分布和地史分布作了描述，在此基础上，讨论了桦木科植物的分布中心、起源地、起源的时间和散布途径。作者试图回到遥远的晚白垩纪和早第三纪，从描绘

PHYLOGENY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BETULACEAE

In the present thesis, a detailed review of the literature was given on the Betu-laceae. Some new data was provided based on the author's studies in order to analyze various characters, such as inflorescence, flower, pollen and leaf epidermis, among the genera treated. The polarity of the characters was determined according to the criteria of outgroup comparison and compatibility analysis. A cladistic analysis was made using the methods of Maximal Same Steps and Minimal Parallel Evolution developed by Xu (1993). The generic distributions in both modern and fossil times were outlined, and their distribution center, place and time of origin and the way of dispersal were discussed. An attempt was made to discuss early differentiation, geographical radiation and morphological evolution of the family on the background of paleogeography and paleoclimatology, tracing back as far as the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary. Finally, supraspecific taxa, from section to tribe, were systematically arranged.