Size-related flowering and fecundity in the tropical canopy tree species, Shorea acuminata (Dipterocarpaceae) during two consecutive general flowerings |
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Authors: | Yoko Naito Mamoru Kanzaki Shinya Numata Kyoko Obayashi Akihiro Konuma Sen Nishimura Seiichi Ohta Yoshihiko Tsumura Toshinori Okuda Soon Leong Lee Norwati Muhammad |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Tropical Forest Resources and Environments, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;(2) National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-0053, Japan;(3) Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan;(4) National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan;(5) Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;(6) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan;(7) Present address: Center for Research and Development Strategy, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kojimachi Square Bldg, Nibancho-3, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan;(8) Present address: Center for Integrated Area Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;(9) Present address: Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan |
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Abstract: | We monitored the reproductive status of all trees with diameters at breast height (dbh) >30 cm in a 40-ha plot at Pasoh, west
Malaysia, and investigated the individual fecundity of 15 Shorea acuminata Dyer (Dipterocarpaceae) trees using seed-trapping methods during two consecutive general flowering periods in 2001 (GF2001)
and 2002 (GF2002). The proportion of flowering trees was higher, and not dependent on size, in GF2002 (84.2%), than in GF2001
(54.5%), when flowering mainly occurred in trees with a dbh ≤70 cm. Fecundity parameters of individual trees per event varied
widely (221,000–35,200,000 flowers, 0–139,000 mature seeds, and 1.04–177 kg total dry matter mass of fruit (TDM) per tree).
Monotonic increases with increasing tree size were observed for flower production and TDM amongst trees up to 90 cm in dbh,
but not for mature seed production or for any of these parameters amongst larger trees. The pattern of reproductive investment
during the two consecutive reproductive events clearly differed between medium-sized and large trees; the former concentrated
their reproductive investment in one of the reproductive events whereas the latter allocated their investment more evenly
to both reproductive events. Our results suggest size-related differences in the resource allocation pattern for reproduction.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Dry matter allocation Flowering magnitude Flowering probability Flower production Seed production Seed set |
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