中国主要家鹅品种的遗传分化研究

利用PCR和DNA测序技术扩增了15个中国家鹅品种线粒体DNA控制区部分序列（1042bp）。研究结果表明：伊犁鹅与14个品种间的核苷酸分歧度最高，为3．805％～4．067％；不同品种内核苷酸多样度表现出较大的差异，为0～0．116％。除伊犁鹅外的14个家鹅品种中，豁眼鹅与其他品种间的核苷酸分歧度为0．211％～0．272％，明显高于其他品种间的0～0．094％。中国家鹅品种的遗传分化格局与地理分布有关，豁眼鹅的分歧时间较早，遗传漂变是导致豁眼鹅遗传分化的主要因素（Nm=0．02～0．54），基因流则是另外13个家鹅品种间遗传分化不明显的主要因素（Nm=12．0～65．33）．

Genetic Differentiation of Domestic Goose Breeds in China

The 1 042 bp control region of mitochondrial DNA from 84 geese of 15 domestic goose breeds was sequenced and genetic differentiation was analysed.Results showed that the interpopulation nucleotide divergence was highest(3.805%-4.067%)between Yili and the other 14 breeds.The average nucleotide diversity variation within different domestic breeds was 0-0.116%.Excluding the Yili,the interpopulation nucleotide divergence between Huoyan and the remaining breeds,was 0.211%-0.272%,which was significantly higher than that between any other two breeds(0-0.094%).During the formation of domestic breeds in China,there is an association between the genetic differentiation of domestic geese and their geographic distribution.The divergence time of Huoyan breed was relatively earlier and genetic drift may have been the main factor to affect the genetic differentiation of the Huoyan breed (Nm=0.02-0.54).On the other hand,gene flow is the main reason for the lack of a clear differentiation among the remaining 13 Chinese domestic geese breeds (Nm=12.0-65.33).