Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium moniliforme and Phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin and Fumonisin B1 on Tomato Cultivars |
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| Authors: | H K Abbas T Tanaka S O Duke |
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| Institution: | United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Laboratory, PO Box 350, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA;Agrochemical Research Department, Ube Laboratory, Ube Industries, Ltd., 1978-5 Kogushi, Ube City, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin and fumonisin B1 to six cultivars of tomato was compared with the pathogenicity of their fungal sources, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. These include two AAL-toxin susceptible cultivars with genotypes(asc/asc), three resistant cultivars (Asc/Asc), and a heterozygous cultivar (Asc/asc.) A. alternata spores were pathogenic to the susceptible but not to the resistant cultivars F. moniliforme was not pathogenic to any of the tomatoes. Filtrates of both fungi grown on rice containing their respective toxins caused necrosis within 48 h and eventually mortality on susceptible cultivars but not on the resistant lines. The heterozygous cultivar Asc/asc showed minimal damage and no mortality after 14 days exposure to both filtrates and both toxins. The spores of both fungi had no effect on heterozygous intact plants. Tomato leaf disc bioassays with AAL-toxin and fumonisin B1 at 1μM caused cellular leakage and reduced chlorophyll content in susceptible cultivars and minimal effects on the heterozygous and resistant varieties. |
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